TIMBER!!!!!!

If one owns xxx acres of land with timber and has it cut by a logging company.
Income would be ordinary income, similar to a royalty, on Sch E; I assume.
What about re-planting/re-forestation costs incurred? Is that fully and currently deductible?

What if the planting/forestation costs are incurred and paid for in a different year(s) than when the cutting proceeds were generated and received?

See publication 544. Standing timber cut by a logging company is a sec. 1231 asset and the sale is reported on From 4797 if held for one or more years. Planting/forestation costs would be for new timber and would be basis. If the owner sells the timber instead of having a logging company cut the timber, it is ordinary income reported on Schedule C or F.

If the taxpayer is not in the timber business (they only occasionally sell timber and the timber was held for investment purposes) and they sold the standing timber to a logging company then the transaction goes on Schedule D via Form 8949. If the taxpayer frequently sells timber they would be considered in the business and the sale of standing timber gets reported on Form 4797. If the taxpayer contracts with a logger to cut the timber and then the taxpayer sells the timber you have ordinary income unless a 631(a) election is made which is a new set of calculations. Reforestation costs get added to basis with some exceptions; a $10,000 married / $5,000 MFS deduction allowed for reforestation costs of qualified timber property (I haven't had one since 2016 so this may have changed).

See this link for your previous post:
viewtopic.php?f=8&t=9055&p=83828&hilit=reforestation#p83828
It doesn't matter that the costs were incurred in a different year than the sale.
Publication 535 has some good info in it regarding reforestation costs.

When/how does Schedule T fit into all of this?

Passive landowner. Timber cut every 10 or 15 years.
Receives a check from logging company. I thought would go on Sch E, like a Royalty but now confused; perhaps its Sch D Long -term Capital Gain.
Still confused about re-forestation treatment. Appears anything over $10k is not currently deducted ??
Thanks!

Yes, landowner is selling standing timber to the logging company.