The article that you cited indicates that if 2017 taxes are paid within 8-1/2 months after the end of the year, and also satisfy section 461(d), they are deducted in 2017. If you're talking specifically about the CA franchise taxes at the end of the article, then section 461(d) isn't satisfied. Thus, they are deducted in 2018.
In general, an accrual basis taxpayer bases a deduction on the amount of the tax liability for a given period regardless of what amount of the tax liability was paid or refunded in that period. So, refunds shouldn't matter.